La Mine d'Argent de Melle dans les Deux S�vres
French and English version
Lundi 21 Avril, notre groupe de motards s'est r�unis pour une randonn�e de 200kms environ pour aller visiter la mine d'argent de Melle.
Melle est une petite ville d'environ 3600 habitants situ�e � 27kms de Niort et une soixantaine de kilom�tres de Poitiers.Melle est sur le chemin de St Jacques de Compostelle . La r�gion est principalement agricole mais la ville de Melle poss�de un patrimoine architectural int�ressant.
Ce lundi de P�ques, nous avions d�cid� de visiter les mines d'argent datant de Charlemagne ( 8�me si�cle)
Aire de pique-nique |
Ensuite le minerai �tait amen� � l'air libre, lav�, fondu pour s�parer le plomb de l'argent pour finir en pi�ces de monnaie.Le plomb �tait utilis� pour les toitures, les bateaux, les canalisations.
Les conditions de travail des mineurs du Moyen Age �taient extr�mement difficiles. La position debout n'�tait pas envisageable dans la mine.Le gisement � l'�poque �tait important .Certaines ouvertures se trouvent aujourd'hui dans des propri�t�s priv�es.
L'extraction du minerai a dur� 400 ans et la for�t a perdu de nombreux arbres ce qui a modifi� consid�rablement le paysage mellois.
R�sum� de la coupellation:
four |
Le plomb s'oxyde contrairement � l'argent et son point de fusion est de 327� contrairement � l'argent ( 950�) une coupelle est utilis�e pour couler le minerai en fusion. En apportant un fort souffle d'air � la surface du plomb fondu il se forme une sorte de couche qui sera retir�e ( comme lorsque l'on fait bouillir du lait entier , une couche grasse se forme en surface)
Au fur et � mesure la masse de plomb dispara�t et il ne reste que l'argent.
Apr�s cette int�ressante visite , mais difficile � faire pour les personnes � mobilit� r�duite car il faut se baisser pour avancer dans la galerie, nous avons pris la direction de St Jean d' Ang�ly puis Saintes et retour chez nous vers 19.heures. Un tr�s bon lundi de P�ques!
Acc�s r�duit pour continuer la visite |
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Extraction du plomb de la gal�ne |
1�re �tape |
3�me �tape |
2�me �tape |
English version.
The silver mine in Melle ( Deux S�vres department)
On Monday April 21st , our bikers group met to ride to Melle to visit the silver mine. It was a 200kms ride from Cozes.
Melle is a small town ,about 3600 people, at 27kms from Niort and about 60kms from Poitiers. It is on the St James Compostella Way. The area is mainly agricultural but the town is worth visiting as it has a rich architectural heritage.
So on Easter Monday we went to see the silver mines dating back to Charlemagne ( 8th century).
Melle had a remarkable resource the " Galena" also called lead glance, it is the natural mineral form of lead sulfide.
It could be found everywhere in the underground around Melle. The galena provided 97% lead and about 2/3% silver. The mines in Melle made the Kings of the Franks' fortune and developped the little town.
Then, after a three-hour ride , we arrived at our destination and had a picnic in the mine park. Only a small part of the galleries can be seen by the public.
After lunch we wanted to go for a walk, so we decided to walk around the park and found out an old wash-house.
Around 2.30pm, we went to the mine to buy our entrance tickets. Our guide was waiting for a big group before starting the visit. First of all he told us about the use of the extracted ore which was essentially composed of lead. The technique of fire setting was used to extract the precious galena, the process consisted in setting fire against a rock face to heat the rocks, the heat fractured the rocks and then the miner could easily extract them and start a new fire setting. Miners had some ventilation shafts to renew the air inside the mine.
Then , once out of the ground the galena was washed and melt down to separate lead and silver. Silver was used to make coins while lead was used for roofs , boats and pipelines
The miners' working conditions were very hard. Standing up was not possible in the mine.
At that time, there was an important resource deposit. Today some of the former shafts are in private properties.
They extracted the galena for 400 years that is why many trees were cut off and it drastically altered the Melle area landscape.
A summary of cupellation:
lead oxidises while silver doesn't. Lead oxidises at 327% while silver does at 950�. A small dish is used for pouring lead. By bringing some air to the surface of melted lead ,a sort of layer is formed and then removed
( the same happens when you boil full-fat milk , there is a fat layer on top ) this process is carried out until there is only silver left.
After an educational and interesting visit, we set off for St Jean d'Angely, Saintes and were at home around 7.pm. .
PS : Visiting the mine might be a bit difficult for people with reduced mobility.
La Mine d' Argent
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